Auxiliary Function in Winding

The auxiliary function may be formed automatically or manually the auxiliary function include.

1. Creeling.
2. Pieceing.
3. Doffing.

Creeling: Creeling mainly a transfer operation. To transfer the empty packages and placing the full package is known as Creeling.

Pieceing: Pieceing mainly to connecting and finding of the ends of yarn on the packages. This connecting ends is made by knotting adhesion.

Doffing: To remove a full package from delivery side by empty package is known as doffing.

Knitted Fabric

Mainly knitted fabrics are two types. They are:

1. Warp knitted fabric.
2. Weft knitted fabric.

Warp Knitted fabric: The structure of warp knitted each loop in vertical direction which is made from different threads and to the number of loops in horizontal row which the number of thread used to produce such a fabric at least.

Weft knitted fabric: The structure of weft knitted the loops of horizontal row which is made by using thread run or one thread in horizontal direction.

Properties of Knitted Fabrics:

1. No dimensional stability.

2. It has higher elastic property.
3. Comfortable to put on.
4. It has high extensibility and recovery property.
5. Less labor cost is needed to knit the fabric.
6. Finishing is advantageous in knitted fabric.
7. It is very soft.
8. Ironing is not necessary.
9. Fold is not created in the fabric.

Knitting

It is a process to produce a fabric by set of connected loops from a series of yarn in warp or weft direction is known as Knitting.

Knitting is two types. They are:

1. Warp Knitting.
2. Weft Knitting.

Warp Knitting: To produce a fabric by this method in warp direction then it is called warp knitting.

Weft Knitting: To produce a fabric by this method in weft direction then it is called weft knitting.

Sizing

Sizingis a process to applying a protective adhesive coating upon the surface of yarns which is known as Sizing.

Objectives of Sizing:

1. For improving the yarn weave ability.

2. To maintain good fabric quality.

3. To increase yarn elasticity.

4. To increase the yarn weight.

5. To increase the frictional resistance.

6. To reduce the fibers projection.

7. To increase the breaking strength.

8. To increase stiffness.

9. To control irregularity of yarn.

10. To reduce electrostatic charge.

11. To make the weak or less strength yarn suitable for weaving.

Requirements of sizing: The requirements of sizing are given below which is ensured good technological properties of sized warps,

1. Sized warp must be sufficiently smooth, strong and elastic.

2. The application of the required amount of size on the yarn must be ensured by sizing process.

3. Admitted limits should be within the yarn loss and stretch in elongation.

4. Weavers beam must be cylindrical shaped and also produced necessary winding density and the yarn length.

5. High quality sized warp production must be ensured.

6. Sizing process must be economical and efficient.

Technological changes due to Sizing: The technological changes due to sizing is given below,

1. Increasing in breaking strength: Up to 20-40% breaking strength increased due to inter fiber bonding system.

2. Increase abrasion resistance: The gaps between fibers are filled with coating and size on the outer surface after sizing.

3. Increase in stiffness: Stiffness of yarn is increased in sizing process.

4. Increase in elasticity: Extensibility of sized yarn decreased due to sizing and there applied more force to extent the yarn. Hence elasticity increased.

5. Decrease in extension: The gap between the fiber is filled by the size material ager sizing hence the slippage between the fibers does not take place that’s why extension is decreased.

6. Decrease in electrostatic charge: Electrostatic charge is formed due to friction between yarn and roller. But electrostatic charge is decreased due to application of size material.

7. Decrease yarn irregularity: Projecting fiber to adhere together are makes by sizing process. Hence yarn irregularity decreases.

Effects of sizing on yarn properties: The following properties of yarn are affected by sizing,

1. Yarn strength.

2. Flexibility of yarn.

3. Yarn elasticity.

4. Irregularity of yarn.

5. Yarn weight.

6. Yarn diameter.

7. Hairiness of yarn.

8. Smoothness of yarn.

Factors Considered before the selection of size ingredients: The factors considered before the selection of size ingredients are given below,

1. To the yarn its must be non-degrading.

2. It must be compatibility with equipment.

3. If necessary, it must be easily removal.

4. If not removed, its provides good fabric characteristics.

5. Least amount of dusting-off during weaving.

6. Cost of the ingredients must be less.

7. It should not modify the tone of colored warps.

8. Easily prepared.

9. Lack of odor.

10. No beam blocking.

11. Compatible with other ingredients.

12. No skimming tendency.

13. Neutral pH.

14. Insensitive to high heat.

15. Rapid drying.

Natural Sizing agents:

1. Natural substances and their derivatives the natural sizing agents are based on.

2. Starch and starch derivatives: degradation starch, native starch and chemical modified starch products.

3. Cellulosic derivatives: Oxyethyl cellulose, CMC and methyl cellulose.

4. Protein –based starch: Gelatin, albumen and glue.

Synthetic sizing agents:

1. Modified polyester.

2. Styrol or maleic acid copolymers.

3. Polyacrylates.

4. Polyvinyl alcohols.

Warping

To wind the yarn from cheese package or cone packages under parallel condition on to a warp beam is termed as Warping.

Object of Warping:

1. To increase the weave-ability of yarn.

2. To make dynamic next process.

3. To increase production.

4. To make convenient yarn sheet for sizing process.

5. To wound up fixed length.

Types of Warping: Mainly warping are two types which is commercially used. They are,

1. Pattern Warping or Sectional Warping.

2. Beam Warping or Direct warping or high speed warping.

But there are different types of warping. Such as,

1. Creel warping.

2. Ball warping.

3. Peg or woof warping.

4. Horizontal drum warping.

5. Vertical drum warping.

Latch Needle

Latch Needle is two types. They are:

1.      Friction latch needle.

2.      Friction less latch needle.

Feature of latch needle:

1. New loops are drawn and retains by hook.

2. The rivet, which may be plain or threaded.

3. In the needle locates the latch by latch-blade.

4. The latch spoon, which is an extension of the blade and bridges the gap between the hook and the stem.

5. By used of stem to carries the loop in the rest position or clearing.

6. The butt, by contacting with cam profiles on either side or forming a track.

7. The tail, which is an extension below the butt giving an additional support to the needle and keeping the needle in its truck.

Needle

This is the principle knitting element of knitting machineis hooked metal Needle.

Types of Needle:

1.      Individual needle.

2.      United needle.

Individual needle:

1.      Spring bearded needle.

2.      Latch needle.

3.      Compound needle.

United needle: When some of the needles are fixed in a bar and move united by during loop formation, then this types of needles are called united needle.